He also discarded the conventional systems and brought forth a series of new policies, which greatly improved the economy. Zhuge Liang (pronunciation in PRC Standard Mandarin: [ʈʂú.kɤ̀ ljâŋ] (); 181–234), courtesy name Kongming, was a Chinese politician, military strategist, writer, engineer and inventor.He served as the chancellor and regent of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period. When it came to Chen Dynasty, the territory became narrow, the national strength was weak and the ruling class was more corrupt. After Zhu Quanzhong usurped the Tang Dynasty (618-907) and founded the Later Liang Dynasty (907 - 923), there were sequentially four dynasties after that. The Liang (555–587), known in historiography as the Western Liang (西梁) or the Later Liang (後梁) to distinguish it from the earlier Liang dynasty (502–557), was a small puppet state during the Northern and Southern dynasties period, located in the middle Yangtze region in today's central Hubei province. All these five dynasties were called Five Dynasties in Chinese history. The small rump state Western Liang (555–587), located in Central China, continued until it was destroyed in 587 by the Sui dynasty. Later, the powerful officials Gao Huan and Yuwen Tai divided the territory of the Northern Wei into two parts – east and west. Chen Baxian and his successors Emperors Wendi and Wudi had destroyed their enemies and defeated the army of Northern Qi in Jiankang ( Nanjing today), which consolidated the rule of the Chen Dynasty to some extent. After the decline of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (317 - 420), the regime and territory of China could not avoid a fate of being split. Eastern and Western Wei were then conquered by the Northern Qi (550 - 577) and the Northern Zhou (557 - 581). In the late period of the Sixteen States, the Tuoba Xianbei tribes defeated Hou Yan, conquered the central plains and unified the northern area of China. It is dated by inscription to 428 AD. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Buddhism, an emerging religion from India, was introduced into China. All of the four dynasties had their capitals in Jiangkang (presently Nanjing of Jiangsu Province), except that Emperor Yuan of the Liang D… In 581, one of the royal relatives of Northern Zhou, Yang Jian, usurped the throne and changed the state title into Sui. Learning a lesson from the destruction of the Eastern Jin, Liu Yu refused to give important positions to noble families. Yet another general, 20 years later, established the Southern Liang dynasty (502-557). At that time, almost all the Xianbei people believed in Buddhism, especially in the Bodhisattva. Although there were wars against the Northern Wei in north China, each side achieved victories and suffered defeats, balancing power between the north and south. Located in central China, north of Lake Dongting, the Liang dynasty was followed by the Chen dynasty. As the most influential dynasty among the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the Northern Wei ruled north China for over 100 years, with 12 emperors from nine generations. Then, Yang Jian destroyed the Chen Dynasty in southern China and reunified all of China. Through years of war, the economy of southern China had been destroyed badly, so the Chen Dynasty was destined to exist for only a short period of time. During their rule state politics fell into disorder. They killed their brothers, uncles and nephews, and nearly all the ministers. The Northern and Southern dynasties ( Chinese: 南 北 朝; pinyin: Nán-Běi Cháo) was a period in the history of China that lasted from 386 to 589, following the tumultuous era of the Sixteen Kingdoms and the Wu Hu states. However, after Emperor Xiaowen's death, his successors gradually abolished his Han-Chinese assimilation policy because of the opposition of some reactionary nobles and Xianbei army men. The restoration of the Xianbei people's privilege aroused new social frictions, and the Northern Wei began to fall into disunity and war. Chen Dynasty. Song experienced a prosperous period of time under the reign of Emperor Wendi, during which time the economy and culture both developed. Until the reign of Emperor Xiaowu, Northern Wei was divided into Eastern Wei and Western Wei. In 422, Liu Yu died, and Emperor Wendi inherited the throne ruling for 30 years. The Mogao Caves, the Yungang Grottoes, the Longmen Grottoes, and the Maijishan Grottoes were all masterpieces of that time. Liang 梁 (502-557) Chen 陳 (557-589) The Southern Dynasties Nanchao 南朝 (420~589) is a series of dynasties that ruled over southern China, while the north was ruled by the so-called Northern Dynasties 北朝 (386-581). Unexpectedly, there was fighting and killing among the sons. It was founded by Lü Guang 呂光 who belonged to the people of the Di 氐. 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